Cost Models

Computer Vision is an AI technology that enables systems to analyze visual elements such as images and video frames. In advertising, it is used to assess whether ad placements appear next to visually safe and brand-appropriate content.

For example, an algorithm may analyze a video frame-by-frame to detect violence, adult imagery, or competitor logos. Ads are then automatically blocked or redirected to safer contexts.

By combining image recognition with contextual data, computer vision strengthens brand protection, reduces manual review, and ensures ads appear only in visually suitable environments.

A Call to Action (CTA) is the element in an advertisement or landing page that prompts users to perform a specific action. Common CTAs include “Buy Now,” “Sign Up,” “Learn More,” or “Get Started.” It serves as the psychological trigger that transforms attention into engagement.

Effective CTAs are concise, visible, and contextually aligned with the ad’s intent. For instance, a streaming service might use “Start Free Trial” as its CTA, while an e-commerce brand uses “Add to Cart.”

In programmatic advertising, CTAs are tested continuously to determine which phrasing, color, and placement generate the highest conversion rates. A well-optimized CTA can dramatically improve campaign performance and ROI.

Cross-Device Tracking is the ability to identify and measure user interactions across multiple devices — such as smartphones, tablets, laptops, and connected TVs — to build a unified view of the customer journey.

This technology uses deterministic methods (like login data) or probabilistic models (based on device signals and behavior patterns) to connect sessions from the same user. For example, an advertiser can track when a user sees an ad on mobile and later converts on desktop.

Accurate cross-device tracking enables holistic attribution, better frequency control, and improved personalization. It ensures that programmatic campaigns deliver consistent messaging and performance insights across all touchpoints.

A Creative is the actual visual or multimedia element of an advertisement — the content users see and interact with. It can take the form of banners, videos, native placements, or interactive formats. Creatives are the bridge between data-driven targeting and emotional storytelling.

In programmatic advertising, creatives are dynamically generated and optimized in real time based on user data. For example, a DCO (Dynamic Creative Optimization) system might change an image or call-to-action depending on the viewer’s location or past behavior.

High-performing creatives balance design quality with message clarity. Testing multiple variations through A/B or multivariate analysis helps determine which visuals and messages produce the best engagement and conversion rates.

Cost Per View (CPV) is a pricing model in which advertisers pay each time a viewer watches a video ad for a defined minimum duration or interacts with it. It’s commonly used in video and streaming environments where user attention is the key performance metric.

For example, an advertiser may set a €0.05 CPV for a 15-second video. If 10,000 users watch the ad, the total cost is €500. Programmatic platforms determine valid views based on criteria such as playback time, screen visibility, and audio status.

CPV ensures advertisers pay only for genuine engagement rather than impressions that go unnoticed. It’s an essential model for performance-driven video campaigns, optimizing for awareness and brand recall simultaneously.

Cost Per Mille (CPM) — meaning “cost per thousand impressions” — is a pricing model where advertisers pay a fixed rate for every 1,000 ad views. It is one of the most common models in display and video advertising, particularly for brand-awareness and reach-based campaigns.

For example, if a publisher charges a €5 CPM and serves 200,000 impressions, the advertiser pays €1,000. CPM emphasizes visibility rather than direct engagement, making it ideal for campaigns focused on exposure and audience reach.

Programmatic platforms dynamically adjust CPM bids through algorithms that factor in viewability, placement quality, and audience targeting. High CPM rates are typically associated with premium inventory and verified, high-intent audiences.